A group of American researchers from the Institute of Systems Biology in Seattle and from the University of Utah, informs the France Press agency, for the first time in history managed to decipher the genetic code of an entire family, which no one has done so far.
As part of the study, geneticists made an amazing discovery – parents, as it turns out, transmit much fewer genetic mutations to their offspring than previously thought.
Until now, it was believed that approximately 75 genetic mutations pass from each parent to the child.
This concept is known as heredity.
As the discoverers announced in today's latest issue of the scientific publication Science Express, in fact, significantly fewer genes are passed on from each parent to the child – 30 genetic mutations, which adds up to 60.
The results obtained, according to geneticists, can help open the door for new research in the field of exploring ways to identify the causes of certain common diseases.
The thing is, they say, it is critically important, for example, to know the frequency with which parents transmit mutations to their offspring.
The scientists base their conclusions on the study of the genetic code uncovered from an entire family – a father, mother, their daughter and son.
The authors of the study call the frequency of mutation exchange the "human clock", which produces a new genetic variant with each new clock cycle.
Therefore, scientists are extremely interested in finding out how often such clocks tick.
The authors of the discovery were able to understand the processes with the greatest degree of reliability due to the fact that they studied the genetic material and the family genetic code using the example of two children in this family who suffer from a combination of extremely rare diseases, while the parents did not notice any genetic abnormalities.
The occurrence of such a combination of these rare diseases, as scientists have estimated, is possible in less than one in 10 billion cases.
After comparing the data obtained, geneticists found that four mutated genes are responsible for the occurrence of each disease.
Humans have about 22,000 genes that carry the genetic code of human life.
This code, called DNA, covers over 3 billion "base pairs" that define the entire genetic structure.
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